Great Expectations By Charles Dickens Essay - 2131 Words

In Great Expectations, by Charles Dickens, Joe Gargery is a blacksmith in the marsh town and lives with Mrs. Joe, Pip s sister. He isn t healthy and just barely supports Pip and Mrs. Joe, but he works hard to do everything he can. Joe is quiet and not an outgoing person but he seems to find ways to show people how he is forgiving and very honest. Joe shows that he has the passion and emotion to change someone s attitude towards others, such as Pip. Joes childhood was full abuse from his father and trying to survive life. He never got an education because he needed to survive without his father growing up. His father made Joe realize that if you re cruel and not caring, the life you live won t be real. The Victorian era was brutal because if you didn t have an education it was tough to get a job, and if you didn t have money, you weren t considered a â€Å"gentlemen†. Being a gentlemen in the Victorian era meant you have earned respect and improved on your social status. Joe pr oves that he did everything himself and experienced what is was like having responsibilities growing up and not having everything handed to you. He cares for other and shows that if someone is in need he will do anything to help. Joe Gargery should be considered a gentleman because he is the of the only characters in Great Expectations that is true to himself hardworking, compassionate and forgiving. Joe is a caring friend and role model to Pip. His relationship with Pip turns more into a friendshipShow MoreRelatedGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1113 Words   |  5 Pagesadventures that the male characters go on. This seems to be relevant in a lot of movies and books like the story Great Expectations by Charles Dickens. In Great Expectations there are multiple female characters like Estella, Biddy, and Miss Havisham who all play a large part in the main character, Pip’s life. One of the first that we meet the character Estella in Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations is when Pip goes to Miss Havisham’s to play with her. The two kids play the game beggar my neighbor when EstellaRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1347 Words   |  6 Pagespoor status of the economy, social mobility does not seem to be occurring at high rates, with the poor getting poorer and rich getting richer. Despite this, social mobility is alive and well, and has been for centuries. In his novel, Great Expectations, Charles Dickens voices the concerns of many that lived in Victorian England during the 19th century by promoting such a desire to live life in a more prosperous social class. One of the most fundamental and reoccurring themes in the novel is that ofRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1426 Words   |  6 Pages Twelve-year-old Charles dickens gets ready for bed after a long day at the blacking house. These Victorian-aged memories will provide him with many ideas for his highly acclaimed novel Great Expectations. Set in 1830 England, Great Expectations is a coming-of-age story about a common innocent boy named Pip and his road to becoming a gentleman through the influence of others. Pip is influenced both positively and negatively by Estella, Herbert, and Magwitch. Estella left a huge impression on PipRead MoreGreat Expectations by Charles Dickens984 Words   |  4 PagesCharles Dickens utilizes his life for inspiration for the protagonist Pip in his novel Great Expectations. They both struggle with their social standing. Dickens loved plays and theatre and therefore incorporated them into Pip’s life. Dickens died happy in the middle class and Pip died happy in the middle class. The connection Dickens makes with his life to Pip’s life is undeniable. If readers understand Dickens and his upbringing then readers can understand how and why he created Pip’s upbringingRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations943 Words   |  4 Pages This is true in many cases but none as much as in Great Expectations. In many ways the narrator/protagonist Pip is Charles Dickens in body and mind. While there are many differences between the story and Charles Dickens life there remains one constant. This constant is the way Pip as the narra tor feels, because these feelings are Dickens s own feelings about the life he lead. Since Great Expectations was written towards end of Charles Dickens life, he was wiser and able to make out the mistakesRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1375 Words   |  6 PagesGreat Expectations by Charles Dickens and The Talented Mr Ripley by Anthony Minghella present similar criticisms of society to a large extent. Both of these texts consider the criticisms of rich social contexts (wealth and status), societal morality (whether a society is good or not. Status [can lead to the wrong people being in a high position i.e. making bad decisions affecting the community/society] Appearance [society appears to be moral/good (if you’re from a higher status) {dickens criticisesRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations1344 Words   |  6 Pagessomething that is not what they truly need? Often, they use social class to fill a void in their lives that can not be filled by materiali stic possessions. Many people realize this, but it is often too late. Charles Dickens demonstrates the effects of social climbing in his novel, Great Expectations. This novel explores the connections and effects of human nature and society, which are the two most powerful forces that guide people’s decisions. Some may say that social climbing is good, but as will beRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations1223 Words   |  5 PagesBeloved author Charles Dickens was born on February 7, 1812 in Portsmouth, England. Growing up in a life of poverty, his childhood hardships provided the inspiration to write a myriad of classic novels including his 1861 seminole masterpiece, Great Expectations (â€Å"BBC History - Charles Dickens†). Great Expectations follows the life of an orphan named Pip, who’s perspective of the world is altered when he is attacked by an escaped convict in his parents’ graveyard in the town of Kent. Throughout hisRead MoreGreat Expectat ions by Charles Dickens1285 Words   |  6 PagesAP Great Book Assignment: Great Expectations The 544-page, Bildungsroman novel, Great Expectations, by Charles Dickens is considered a classic because it has stood the test of time, appealing to generation after generation of readers while still remaining relevant to them. Published in 1861, Dickens created a coming-of-age story that is similar to his other novel, David Copperfield, but Great Expectations is considered to have reflected parts of his own life. There are several parallels betweenRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens924 Words   |  4 Pagesa character driven novel, or a mix of the two. In order for a novel to be character driven, it must revolve more around the characters’ individual thoughts, feelings, and inner struggles, rather than around the quest of the story. Great Expectations, by Charles Dickens, is a character driven novel. While the story does have a plot, it is not contingent upon that plot, but rather is reliant upon its characters and their natures. This is evident from the beginni ng of the novel. From the opening of

Bottling Company Free Essays

BOTTLING COMPANY History of coca cola bottles: CocaCola’s history has got a lot of bottle – more than 115 years’ worth, in fact. The world’s favourite soft drink started life as a soda fountain beverage, selling for five cents a glass, but it was only when a strong bottling system developed that CocaCola became the world-famous brand it is today. 1894 – A modest start for a bold idea Mississippi shop owner Joseph A. We will write a custom essay sample on Bottling Company or any similar topic only for you Order Now Biedenharn began bottling CocaCola after he was impressed by its sales. He sold the drink to his customers in a common glass bottle called a Hutchinson. At the time Biedenharn sent a case to Asa Griggs Candler, who owned the Company. Candler thanked him but took no action. One of his nephews already had urged that CocaCola be bottled, but Candler focused on fountain sales. 1916 – Birth of the contour bottle Bottlers worried that a straight-sided bottle wasn’t distinctive enough and that CocaCola was becoming easily confused with ‘copycat’ brands. Glass manufacturers were approached to come up with a unique bottle design for CocaCola. The Root Glass Company of Terre Haute, Indiana, designed with the famous contour shape, which won enthusiastic approval from CocaCola in 1915 and was introduced in 1916. * The contour bottle design was inspired by the curves and grooves of a cocoa bean. * Today, it’s one of the most recognised icons in the world – even in the dark. * Blues players have been known to use necks from CocaCola’s contour bottles to play slide guitar, coining the term ‘bottleneck slide’. 1923 – Six packs Six pack carriers of CocaCola bottles were introduced to encourage people to take their drinks home – and were a huge hit. 928 – Bottle overtakes fountain For the first time, the volume of CocaCola sold in bottles exceeded the amount sold through soda fountains. 1950 – Media moments The CocaCola contour bottle was the first commercial product to appear on the cover of TIME magazine, establishing CocaCola as a truly international brand. Also this year, the first television advert featuring CocaCola’s contour bottle appeared during CBS’ The Edgar Bergen-Charlie McCarthy Show. 1955 – Packaging innovations For the first time, people could buy different sized bottles of CocaCola. As well as the traditional 6. ounce contour bottle, shops also started selling larger 10, 12 and 26 ounce versions. 1960 – Trademark no. 1 The contour bottle with the word ‘CocaCola’ written on it received its first trademark from the US Patent and Trademark Office. 1977 – Trademark no. 2 The CocaCola contour bottle was granted a second trademark for the contour shape itself, with no words written on it. 1978 – Recyclable bottles CocaCola introduced the world to the two litre PET plastic bottle. It became popular for a lot of reasons: it doesn’t break; it’s re-sealable, lightweight and recyclable. 2000 – Reducing waste CocaCola introduced the ultra-glass contour bottle designed for improved impact resistance, reduced weight and cost. These bottles are 40 per cent stronger and 20 per cent lighter than the original CocaCola contour bottle – saving approximately 52,000 metric tons of glass in 2006. 2005 – Aluminium bottles CocaCola joined forces with design firms from five continents to launch a new aluminium contour bottle called the ‘M5’ (Magnificent 5). 2009 – Green bottles CocaCola launched the innovative  PlantBottle  in the US, a completely recyclable PET container made with 30 per cent plant materials, including sugar cane extracts. 011 – Going green globally PlantBottle packaging is available in nine countries with launches planned for many additional markets in 2011 and beyond. MISSION PET In this context, what was the appropriate response by CCBPI? The environmental predicament was clear-cut and the decisions and directions were defining moments o f the company management’s assessment of the situation. It was amidst this situation, the program Mission PET was born in the last quarter of Year 2000. PET stands for Pinoy Environment Team to underscore the indigenous Filipino endeavor. Its objectives are: . To promote recognition of CCBPI’s one-way containers as recyclables and to encourage collection and recovery of these post consumer beverage containers; 2. To encourage among strategic stakeholders the environmental responsibility through education and information dissemination; 3. To marshal the youth to undertake collection and recovery of the one-way PET containers and to guide them in linking up with environmentally minded organizations; 4. To mirror management’s active response to a critical social problem. Mission PET target audience is a wide spectrum of stakeholders. People of all ages and walks of life consume Coca-Cola products; obviously, they are also garbage generators. Recycling of PET Containers There is now a PET Recycling Technology present in Metro Manila area. Forever Fiber Corporation in Pulang Lupa, Valenzuela City, has registered with the Board of Investments and obtained Income Tax Holiday for six years from April 2002 for the annual production of 1,583,733 kilograms of polyester staple fiber, necessary for the production of yarn for industrial garments and fibers. In Year 1, Forever Fiber will use 1,456 tons of used PET bottles, and by Year 5, it would be needing 2,043 tons of used PET. Multipet Corporation in Malinta, Valenzuela City produces strapping materials, commonly called â€Å"plehe†, from recycled PET wastes. Such materials are used locally and abroad for strapping boxes or cargoes, such as for mangoes, suha or durian. Out of its annual output of 460 tons per year, Multipet channels approximately 5% of its output to low-income communities in Malabon and Navotas where enterprising families weave market baskets (bayong), knapsacks and folding beds, for livelihood. A thriving market exists for 15 large consolidators known as Metro Recycling Association who xport every month about 400 tons of PET flakes as feedstock for the enormous non-woven fiber factories in China and Korea to produce polyester. Polyester is a part of such â€Å"sosyal† items as Patagonia bags, Nike shoes, skiers’ windbreakers, jackets, carpets and comforters. Think about this for a moment: If your outerwear or innerwear trademark says: â€Å"Polyester, or Polyester wi th cotton, or Polyester with rayon† -in all possibility, you are wearing recycled Coca-Cola PET bottles! Recycling of Aluminum Cans Reynolds Recycling Corporation’s two (2) furnaces in Dasmarinas, Cavite, are, for the moment, silent, shutdown. But further West in Barangay Osorio, in Trece Martires City, there is Cavite Aluminum Recycling Corp. producing aluminum ingots for the Philippine market and the aluminum alloy requirements of industries in Japan. In addition, there are dozens of registered – – and unregistered – – converters producing aluminum sheets for cooking woks and claddings – – mostly from recycled aluminum beverage containers. Today, Metro Manila Linis Ganda’s members and other junk shops – – there are at least 1,200 registered in Metro Manila – – earn handsomely from the collection of PET and UBCs. So do their eco-aides. Just look at the tons of collected by the Linis Ganda coops in the years 1999, 2000 and 2001. Unseen by the public eye are the big warehouses compacting UBCs into 20-kilo blocks for export via container ship to Japan, China, Malaysia, and U. S. Aluminum, by the way, is perpetually recyclable! And aluminum scrap price is a reference for trading at the London Metal Exchange. Look at the growth of aluminum scrap exports: Collection by Mission PET Recovery Centers For the past 21 months, the Centers have redeemed 4,200,000 (million) and 3,000,000 (million) pieces of aluminum and PET containers, respectively. That’s what we have directly scooped out of the waste stream. In 2001, Philippines exported 23,053 tons of aluminum scrap with a value of US$416,145,305. For PET, the country recovered about 5,040 metric tons in 2001 from the 24,000 metric tons that we generated in the form of resin, pre-form and bottle container. That is a recovery rate of 21 percent! PET or polyethylene terephthalate is the familiar soft plastic popularly used in myriad consumer and household products because of its lightweight, clarity and shatter-resistance. It is a polymer, a kind of plastic. Among the seven classifications of plastic, PET is coded â€Å"1† in the international recycling logo. (See Appendix C. ) The marking, made by the U. S. Society of Plastic Industry, is found at the bottom of the container to facilitate its segregation and recycling. The Seven Types of Plastics commonly used in the Philippines 1. Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Common uses: soft drink bottles, cooking oil bottles, peanut butter jugs, water bottles 2. High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Common uses: detergent bottles, milk jugs, grocery bags 3. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Common uses: plastic pipes, outdoor furniture 4. Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) Common uses: produce bags, food storage containers 5. Polypropylene (PP) Common uses: aerosol caps, drinking straws 6. Polystyrene (PS) Common uses: packaging pellets, cups, meat trays 7. Others Common uses: certain kind of food containers Report in N. S. E: Bottling Company REpOrTeRs: Cacayorin, Sarah Jane Mabini, Sherwin John Submitted to: Ms. Mercedes Mascarina How to cite Bottling Company, Essay examples

Social Consequence of the Internet for Adolescents free essay sample

Social consequences of the internet for adolescents. â€Å"Obviously, when media use changes, its outcomes may change. Because adolescents now predominantly use the Internet to maintain their existing friendships, the condition for negative effects of the Internet on social connectedness and well-being no longer exists. It is no surprise, therefore, that most recent Internet studies have demonstrated that adolescents’ online communication stimulates, rather than reduces, social con- nectedness and/or well-being. For example, in a 2-year follow- up study based on their initial sample of Internet novices, Kraut et al. 2002) found that Internet use improved social connect- edness and well-being. Several other recent studies have dem- onstrated significantly positive relationships between online communication (mostly IM) and adolescents’ social connected- ness and/or well-being (e. g. , Bessie` re, Kiesler, Kraut, amp; Boneva, 2008; Valkenburg amp; Peter, 2007a). However, these positive results are only found for adolescents who use the Internet predominantly to maintain existing friendships (Bessie`re et al. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Consequence of the Internet for Adolescents or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page , 2008). When they use it primarily to form new contacts and talk with strangers, the positive effects do not hold (Bessie`re et al. 2008; Valkenburg amp; Peter, 2007b). † The study shows that adolescents strive for more friendships online then they do when they are face to face. The study shows that males open up more online then they do in person. Being online helps them express their feeling better through online self disclosure. The challenges these teens face as a result of technology, I believe is balancing the two of them. For a teen who is very open online, but when they get into a personal setting cannot display the same social skills, then that could hurt some of their friendships. They are almost living a double life. Online they are this larger than life personality. When they are in person they are an introvert. Social development for our grandparents was very different. If they did not go out and make friends, then they had none. Everything for them was face to face. Their was no technology for keeping in touch other than the telephone, but even that was not used the same. Back in those days there were a lot more social gatherings. And when they had the gatherings a lot of people would attend. Because, that’s how they kept in touch with each other. Reference: Social Consequences of the Internet for Adolescents, Patti M. Valkenburg and Jochen Peter

Logically Proving God Essays - Philosophy Of Religion, Epistemology

Logically Proving God The following paper will provide a sound argument in favor of the existence of God. By demonstrating that an Atheist world cannot account for the preconditions of the laws of logic an Atheist cannot even account for a rational debate concerning the existence of God. The impossibility of the contrary, the best and only proof that the nesesary truth of the existence of God is his revelation of himself to us that makes it possible for us to use logic. This could be translated, using only nessesary truths, into the form of: L: (laws of logic) G: (God exists) if L entails G L ================ G Logic is the laws of reasoning that God has established. If God has established these laws of reasoning that we call logic then how could the Atheist system account for the laws of logic. First they are immaterial and universal, and how could anything immaterial and universal be accounted for in a naturalistic (matter only) universe. Second if God has established these laws of reasoning then there would be no atheism. An Atheist wants to believe in laws of logic which are universal in application, but in order to escape the ultimate implications of this idea ( there is a God who imposes universal standards of reason.), the Atheist will try to maintain that the laws of logic are merely conventions of general agreement amongst them. This is philosophically non-acceptable, if logic were simply a matter of convention, it would be impossible to have any kind of rational debate because either side could win by simply stipulating different laws of logic by convention. Therefore since univer sal laws cannot be changed by convention since they hold constant in all possible worlds is it not fair to say then that there is a God who imposes universal standards of reason. Philosophy

The Life of Emmitt Smith Essay Example

The Life of Emmitt Smith Essay Example The Life of Emmitt Smith Essay The Life of Emmitt Smith Essay The life of Emmitt Smith, star running back of the two-time Super Bowl champion Dallas Cowboys, reads like a Horatio Alger story: Smith grew up in Florida in a poor but loving two-parent family; he stays out of trouble, respects education, and devotes much spare time to charity work. There’s nothing not to like about Emmitt Smith unless you’re charged with tackling him. So, what does Emmitt have to say about his life? He always loved football. He loves his family, and he works hard and deserves respect and pay commensurate with his performance. We knowbecause he tells us sothat he’s scored many a touchdown in his day. Is this a good sports autobiography? Yes and no. Yes, because Smith’s joie de vivre is so evident. No, because he’s so young, and his life has been a one-note song of happiness. But one can’t expect him to invent tragedy or controversy. He seems like a nice young man, and his book will be in big demand with high-school Emmit-tators. As an author, Emmitt is a fine role model. Smith offers a straightforward account of the heady world of professional football as he describes his recent seasons as the premier running back of America’s Team,’’ the Dallas Cowboys. In telling how a poor Florida boy became a multimillion-dollar star, Smith shows that modern football plays many roles in America today: It’s an art, a thing of magic, a way of lifebut most of all a gritty and competitive business (and for stars like Smith, a lucrative profession). Smith talks about his sandlot heroics, his childhood dream of becoming a star for the Cowboys, and the constant doubts his size raised about his ability to compete (in childhood he was too big, as a pro too small, said his detractors). Smith’s account of his football career is, however, a success story from the beginning: He was a standout in high school and at the University of Florida. Dismayed, he says, by the instability of the Florida program, Smith left prior to his senior year in order to participate in the NFL draft. Picking Smith in the first round, Cowboys coach Jimmy Johnson signed him for $3 million for three years (throughout Smith’s account, stories of his numerous contract negotiations loom as large as his tales of on-field feats). With the Cowboys, Smith emerged as a player of big words and big deeds, making cocksure comments but placing first among rookie rushers his first season, subsequently leading the NFL in rushing, becoming the youngest player to rush for 1,500 yards, appearing in three Pro Bowls, and leading his team to consecutive Super Bowl victories. Smith’s account, written with the help of Delsohn (coauthor of John Wayne, My Father, not reviewed) culminates in his amazing 1993 season, when he won the rushing title, the season MVP award, and the MVP award for the Super Bowl. A pleasant, absorbing look at life in the NFLfrom the top.

Mass Percentage - Definition and Example

Mass Percentage Mass percentage is one way of representing the concentration of an element in a compound or a component in a mixture. Mass percentage is calculated as the mass of a component divided by the total mass of the mixture, multiplied by 100%. Also Known As: mass percent, (w/w)% Mass Percentage Formula Mass percent is the mass of the element or solute divided by the mass of the compound or solute. The result is multiplied by 100 to give a percent. The formula for the amount of an element in a compound is: mass percent (mass of element in 1 mole of compound / mass of 1 mole of compound) x 100 The formula for a solution is: mass percent (grams of solute / grams of solute plus solvent) x 100 or mass percent (grams of solute / grams of solution) x 100 The final answer is given as %. Mass Percentage Examples Example 1: Ordinary bleach is 5.25% NaOCl by mass, which means each 100 g of bleach contains 5.25 g NaOCl. Example 2: Find the mass percentage of 6 g sodium hydroxide dissolved in 50 g of water. (Note: since the density of water is nearly 1, this type of question often gives the volume of water in milliliters.) First find the total mass of the solution: total mass 6 g sodium hydroxide 50 g watertotal mass 56 g Now, you can find the mass percentage of the sodium hydroxide using the formula: mass percent (grams of solute / grams of solution) x 100mass percent (6 g NaOH / 56 g solution) x 100mass percent (0.1074) x 100answer 10.74% NaOH Example 3: Find the masses of sodium chloride and water required to obtain 175 g of a 15% solution. This problem is a bit different because it gives you the mass percentage and asks you to then find how much solute and solvent are needed to yield a total mass of 175 grams. Start with the usual equation and fill in the given information: mass percent (grams solute / grams solution) x 10015% (x grams sodium chloride / 175 g total) x 100 Solving for x will give you the amount of NaCl: x 15 x 175 / 100x 26.25 grams NaCl So, now you know how much salt is needed. The solution consists of the sum of the amount of salt and water. Simply subtract the mass of salt from the solution to obtain the mass of water that is required: mass of water total mass - mass of saltmass of water 175 g - 26.25 gmass of water 147.75 g Example 4: What is the mass percent of hydrogen in water? First, you need the formula for water, which is H2O. Next you look up the mass for 1 mole of hydrogen and oxygen (the atomic masses) using a periodic table. hydrogen mass 1.008 grams per moleoxygen mass 16.00 grams per mole Next, you use the mass percentage formula. The key to performing the calculation correctly is to note there are 2 atoms of hydrogen in each water molecule. So, in 1 mole of water there are 2 x 1.008 grams of hydrogen. The total mass of the compound is the sum of the mass of the two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. mass percent (mass of element in 1 mole of compound / mass of 1 mole of compound) x 100mass percent hydrogen [(2 x 1.008) / (2 x 1.008 16.00)] x 100mass percent hydrogen (2.016 / 18.016) x 100mass percentage hydrogen 11.19%

Revolt of 1857 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Revolt of 1857 - Essay Example On 10 May in 1857, the sepoys matched to Delhi with the intention of taking control over the city. The 1857 revolt introduced numerous changes in India as will be highlighted in this paper. In addition, the paper will give attention to the causes of the revolt, its representation in British sources, and Chowdhury view of how photography represented the revolt. The British rule in India had established economic policies that were unfavorable to the Indians. Notably, the colonialists focused on exploiting the natural resources available in India. The exploitation of the resources in India by the colonialists only served to reap India off its stability in trade and industry. Over time, the British rule had transformed India into a colonial economy that served the interest of the British. In accordance with the existing economic policy, the British ruler exported resource to London. The British had a cheaper way of supporting their industries. The export of India’s resources to London served to increase the poverty levels in India. Many of the Indians relied on trade and industry in an effort to earn a living. However, the British colonial rule had taken over the industry, leaving many Indians jobless. The British economic policies demanded the Indian peasants to pay high revenues. Demanding high revenues from the peasants served to br ing down the agrarian sector. There was an increasing pressure for the peasants to register increased production. Despite their increased production, the Indian peasants did not benefit. The landowners in India faced the compulsion of paying a specified amount to the British government. If the landowners failed to meet the requirements, the British colonial rule dispossessed them of their property. Therefore, economic causes were a primary trigger of the 1857 revolt. As highlighted above, the British colonial rule imposed every taxation and

PICOT Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

PICOT - Assignment Example The third option that we would use as a heading is â€Å"How guardians and parents treat HIV patients below the age of 12 years.† In many cases, it is advisable to use key words in the title only making sure of certain sequences in the order. For example, our search key words can include â€Å"HIV positive†. In advanced search, we can add extra words outside the topic, such as â€Å"incidents of HIV infections in children below 12 years with parents or care givers disclosed to them†. We can then introduce a similar search title but making sure we change the â€Å"Disclosed† clause with not â€Å"disclosed†, then we can compare between the two results in the comparison statement. Alternatively, we can use another field such as the authors of the sources of information from the databases, the dates of publication, the cities of publication and extended titles of journals. A combination of the extra fields with the title eventually provides us with a clear picture of what is required. It generates relevant and almost exact results that our PICOT project require or multiple results from which we can select the most relevant options, except is the search engine does not find any in the particular database. In the latter case, we move from the current database to a second or a third one and follow the same search procedure. We reduce the number of search results by creating search criteria to make our query more specific. If we use a particular field such as the title and the author name, we can apply Boolean limiters like â€Å"AND†, â€Å"OR† and other selection options such as â€Å"Equal to†, â€Å"Not Equal to†, â€Å"Greater than†, â€Å"Less Than†, â€Å"Containing† and â€Å"Not Containing†. With this establishment, the search results will be specific since they have to satisfy unique requirements based on the criteria. EBSCO sub headings heading are applicable in this case since they are simply an extension of

Organized Crime Essay Example for Free

Organized Crime Essay Ever since the time that human beings began living in any form of community setting, it is likely that organized crime, albeit in a primitive form, was born. Today, organized crime is quite different than the stereotyped mobster of the days of Al Capone. With this evolution in mind, this essay will answer various questions about the modern face of organized crime. Why Does Organized Crime Still Exist? Organized crime still exists today for a variety of reasons, especially when the development of the modern world is taken into account. First, on the most basic level, the classic organized crime organizations still serve a vital function in every corner of the world as a means of managing drug trafficking, illegal gambling, prostitution and many more typical vices that represent profitable opportunities for the criminal enterprise. The complex nature of the political, technological, and economic world in the 21st century also lends itself very well to the proliferation of organized crime. For instance, the many global terrorist groups that are active at the present time are very well run organized crime groups (Washington Times, 2003). Technology, and its link to international commerce has also fostered present day organized crime; in a far cry from the days of â€Å"Murder Incorporated†, organized criminals today often use the Internet and related devices to commit what is called transactional crime, such as bank fraud, embezzlement, stock market swindles, and more (Punch, 2005). What are the Roles of Various Law Enforcement Agencies in Fighting Organized Crime? Traditionally, the various law enforcement agencies served the purpose of protecting the common good and to promote common decency by eradicating the vice and corruption that organized crime fueled. In most cases of localized organized crime, local or state police agencies were able to keep organized crime in check; in the extreme cases when organized crime was international in nature, world police organizations such as Interpol and the FBI got involved. Presently, however, due to the globally terroristic nature of organized crime, which represents as much of a threat to global security as it does to the quality of everyday life, organized crime has been challenged by the armed forces of the nations of the world (Olson, 1995). In these circumstances, world leaders have formed crime fighting alliances to act as a global police force to bring international organized criminals to justice (Fighting Organized Crime, 2000). What are the Challenges with Undercover Investigations in Organized Crime and the Use of Informants to Prosecute Organized Crime Figures? Undercover investigation, due to its very nature, poses its own unique challenges; the need for the undercover officer to maintain his or her assumed identity, effectively infiltrate criminal groups, and bring criminals to justice is perilous to say the least. When undercover investigation is employed in organized crime, a whole new realm of challenge and danger surfaces. To begin with, organized crime groups are typically tightly knit, making the introduction of a new person, especially one whose whole life was created as a work of fiction highly difficult. Once â€Å"inside†, the undercover officer must also maintain the identity at the peril of the investigation at least and their life at worst. Use of informants to prosecute organized crime figures is highly challenging as well; the reliability of the informant, who is of course a criminal, can make or break the investigation. Moreover, keeping that informant in place without being revealed as an informant is daunting and also risks the investigation and the life of the informant. Conclusion Organized crime is alive and well in many forms, given the complex nature of the modern world. As time goes by, fighting organized crime will become increasingly difficult, and the stakes will get higher and higher. World leaders and law enforcement must work together to make a difference.

The Modernization of America Essay -- essays papers

The Modernization of America The Transcontinental Railroad was completed in 1869. The telephone was invented in 1876. The first practical system for a radio was developed in 1895. The Wright brothers created a flying machine in 1903. The first gas powered automobile, the assembly line and the refrigerator were produced in the early 20th century. These are all very important steps in laying the foundation for the modernization of America, but I would argue that the first truly modern period in American history would have to be the 1920s. The 1920s brought a capitalistic population who, as a nation, leaned toward isolationism. In two main fields, the 1920s modernized American society to reflect the America of the 21st century more than any era before it. These fields are media and business. Along with a new decade came a new attitude from the media. By 1922 there were 22 magazines in circulation and by the end of the 1920s, 40% of Americans owned a radio. The first tabloid magazine appeared in 1919. The media that we know today spawned from this growth in the 20s. This new type of mass media permitted the spreading of national trends or obsessions, such as flagpole sitting. A 21st century equivalent to this type of rather bizarre behavior of national trends could be the Christmas â€Å"Tickle me Elmo† or â€Å"Furby† craze over the last few years. The national connection that the mass media provided also allowed for fashion to become important and for heroes in th...

On the Symbolism of The Scarlet Letter Essay

Introduction: Nathaniel Hawthorne is a great romantic novelist in America in the 19th century. His novel, The Scarlet Letter, is considered as the first American psychological novel written by Nathaniel Hawthorne. It reveals the psychological insight with which Hawthorne proved guilt and anxiety in the human soul. The Scarlet Letter is deeply concerned with ethical problems of sin, punishment, and atonement. The background of the story is set in Salem, Massachusetts, a strictly controlled Puritan town with harsh laws and fierce prejudices. Hester Prynne, a young wife whose husband is presumed dead, is being publicly humiliated for the sin of adultery. The proof of her sin is her baby girl Pearl. She conceals the identity of Pearl’s father to protect him from the harsh judgment of Puritan law. She however is doomed to spend the rest of her life marked as an adulterer by wearing a scarlet â€Å"A† on her chest. Hester’s husband meanwhile has arrived in the colony and taken up practice as a doctor. He makes Hester promise that she will not reveal his identity to anyone. It is the Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale, who is renowned as an especially holy and pious man. Wracked by guilt he starts to show outward signs of serious illness. Hester’s husband under the assumed name Roger Chillingworth moves in begins taking care of Dimmesdale. Chillingworth soon discovers that he is Pearl’s father. For revenge, Chillingworth uses his influence to multiply the feelings of guilt in the minister as a form of emotional torture. At the climax of the story, Dimmesdale confesses his sin and dies. Hester and Pearl leave the colony. Chillingworth’s gets the purpose of revenge but suddenly finds his life meaningless and dies within a year. Hawthorne is outstanding in literary skills, especially in symbolism. In this novel, symbolism runs through the whole novel where the scarlet letter â€Å"A†, the characters of story and the settings are all endowed with a deep symbolic significance. The main symbolism of the novel is represented by the colors, the scarlet letter â€Å"A†, the four main characters and the settings. The wide use of symbolism makes his characters to be recalled embodiment of psychological traits or moral concepts. Few literature works equals The Scarlet Letter in intensity and effective use of images and symbols. Significance: This paper attempts to illustrate Nathaniel Hawthorne’s wide use of symbolism in his masterpiece The Scarlet Letter, which shows its profound significance when facing the sin and the struggle of the human soul in the harsh Puritan society. The paper is mainly divided by sixth parts: the first part is the introduction of the author and the novel The Scarlet Letter; the second is the symbolism and its relation with the novel; the third is the symbolic meaning of the scarlet letter â€Å"A†; then the symbolic meaning of the four characters; the fifth part is the symbolic meaning of the settings as well as the places; the last part will be the conclusion of the paper. Literature Review: Many studies have related to the symbolism in The Scarlet Letter. In the past, studies are mainly focused on the symbolism of â€Å"A†, the main characters, the settings, and the places. This paper analyzes the symbolism in The Scarlet Letter systematically. The research on the symbolism of the Scarlet Letter â€Å"A†: There are many studies about the Scarlet Letter â€Å"A†, such as Zeng Yanbo’s The Symbolism in The Scarlet Letter. In her paper, he points out the letter A’s implied meaning changes as the plot develops; first it appears as the symbol of the guilt of adultery. It then changes into a symbol of alone and alienation, then into amazon, adamant and avenger, and it becomes a symbol of able and angel, finally it changes into aspiration for the new life, as well as amour and admire between Arthur and Hester. The symbolism of the four major characters: In The Scarlet Letter, Hawthorne gives different symbolic meanings to the four major charac ters. In Liu Huijuan’s paper On the Symbolic Meaning in Hawthorne’s Works The Scarlet letter, the author studies that the heroine’s name Hester Prynne contains the meaning of beauty, passion, amour, admiration and aspiraion. While the hero, Arthur Dimmesdale, whose initials AD, which also stands for adultery .The name of Hester’s husband Roger Chillingworth means agony, anguish and avenger. Hester and Arthur’s daughter’s name Pearl contains the meaning of precious, glorious and good virtue. The symbolism of the settings: In the novel, settings are one of major elements of symbolism, such as the scaffold, which is the  dominating point at the beginning, in the middle, and at the end of the story. In Zeng Yanbo’s On Symbolism in The Scarlet Letter, he illustrates that the prison represents the cruelty of the Puritan Society. The rose bush is the symbol of passion. The sunshine is the symbol of aspiration. Many people aren’t focus on one aspect of the novel. Zhang Julan makes a profound discussion about the symbolism in The Scarlet Letter, and reveals the significance of symbolism in the novel. Besides, she also discusses the sin, atonement and redemption of the God in the novel. In these articles, they all research the symbolism in The Scarlet Letter and the great significance of symbolism. This paper is focus on the symbolism in detail based on above research results. Thesis Statement: Symbolism: A symbol is something concrete that represents or suggests another thing that can’t be pictured in itself. The use of description of some outward object is to show some hidden meaning. Symbols are always in relationship, context and association, with which authors can change a wide variety of ideas into single, simple acts of understanding. In The Scarlet Letter, symbolism runs through the whole novel. Hawthorne’s emphasis on symbolism often makes the characters shadowy but with implied meaning to chew. The main symbolism of the novel is represented by the colors, the scarlet letter â€Å"A†, the four main characters, the settings and the places. Outline: Nathaniel Hawthorne is a great romantic novelist in America in the 19th century. His novel, The Scarlet Letter, is considered as the first American novel with symbolic meaning from the very beginning to the end. In The Scarlet Letter, the symbolic meaning can be divided into the following several aspects: The symbolism of the colors: It is commonly agreed that colors are used extensively as symbols in The Scarlet Letter. The most frequently employed color symbol by the author is red. Red represents Hester’s sin, as shown by the letter â€Å"A†. The use of the red color expresses how differently Hester and Pearl are viewed by the people of Puritan Society, who are shameful for Hester’s adultery. Besides, the red color, along with images of bright glow, shows Pearl to be the product of a moment of passion between Hester and Dimmesdale. As a red symbol of Hester’s sin,  Pearl is often identified with the color red. The symbolic meaning of the letter â€Å"A†: the letter â€Å"A† has many symbolic meanings in this paper. When it comes to the Christianity, â€Å"A† stands for forbidden apple stolen by Adam and Eve; â€Å"A† for the act of the Apostles; â€Å"A† for Arrogance. For Hester, â€Å"A† stands for alone, alienation, able, angel, aspiration and admiration. For Roger Chillingworth, â€Å"A† stands for amazon, adamant and avenger. The symbolism of the four characters: Hawthorne used the four characters as symbols in The Scarlet Letter. The four symbolize different aspects of sin. Hester Prynne stands for how sin can make one more independent and stronger, and Arthur Demmesdale symbolizes the harm of hidden sin. Pearl symbolizes the living scarlet letter with sunshine. Roger Chillingworth is the symbol of revenge. The symbolism of the settings and places: in the novel, settings are one of major elements of symbolism. For example, the prison symbolizes the harshness of the Puritan Society; the scaffold symbolizes the redemption of Hester and Arthur; the rosebush symbolizes the passion and amour between Hester and Arthur; the sunshine symbolizes hope. Reference: Arlin Tume. Nathaniel Hawthorne: A Biography. New York: Barnes & Nobel, 1961 Hawthorne Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter. Beijing: The Commercial Press, 1996 Http://www.chuckiii.com/Reports/Symbolism_In_the_Scarlet_Letter.shtml Http://www.getfreeessays.com/show_essay/3178.html Http://www.gradesaver.com/ClassicNotes/Titles/thescarletletter/wwwboard/forum.html James Henry. Nathaniel Hawthorne: A Biography. New York: Harpoer Johnson Claudia D. Understanding The Scarlet Letter. London: Greenwood Press. Nathaniel Hawthorne. The Scarlet Letter in both Chinese and English, tr. By WangHong.et al. Bejing: Yili People’s Press, 2001. Spiller E. Robert. The Cycle of American Literature: An Essay in Historical Criticism. New York: The Fress Press, 1995 Weiren Wu. History and Anthology of American Literature. Beijing: Foreign Language and Research Press, 1991.

Colonial History of Mali

Colonial History of: Mali Mali started out as part of The Ghana Empire which was dominated by the Soninke people up until 1203 when it was taken over by an anti-Muslim Sosso Kingdom. The Mali Kingdom took over from 1230 – 1600 this empire had a lot of influence over West Africa; it began to weaken in the 14th century and was challenged by the Songhai Empire. The two empires ruled over Mali until they were defeated by the Moroccan Saadi Dynasty who controlled parts of Mali until they were challenged by other Kingdoms and this led to Mali falling under many different Kingdoms until it was colonized by the French in 1892.France had taken over most of West Africa at the time and it named the territory taken over in Mali as the French Sudan and appointed civilian governors even though they did appoint a civilian as governor there was still a lot of opposition to French rule. By 1958 French Sudan was renamed to the Sudanese Republic and obtained complete internal autonomy and joined the French Community which meant it supplied labor to French colonies and was given full assistance by France.In 1959 Sudanese Republic was renamed again to the Federation of Mali, one year later the France to let the Federation of Mali to be fully independent, and on 20th of June 1960 the Federation of Mali became fully independent and Modibo Keita was named its first President. After Keita was made President he wanted to move to a more socialist policy which led him to withdraw from the French Community and he decided to have close ties to the Eastern Bloc.In 1967 Mali was forced to rejoin the French Community due to its deteriorating economy. A bloodless coup in 1978 saw a group of young officers set up a 14-member Military Committee for National Liberation (CLMN). This committee tried to improve the economic situation in the country but faced internal political struggles; these struggles have continued over the years and are one of the main issues which Mali faces as a country and has led to a number of insurgencies taking place.

History Of Urban Growth Example

History Of Urban Growth Example History Of Urban Growth – Coursework Example Urbanization Affiliation Urban growth Urbanization is fundamental as it influence significant development and growth indeveloping countries. In the late eighteenth centuries, the cities were sparsely populated. Around the twentieth century, the urban population escalated in a varied dimension because of the increase in the suburban population. Agriculture was the core source of income in rural areas, but the dwindling returns from the sales made farmers resort to an option of migrating to urban areas seeking for salaried jobs. Moreover, there were discriminatory policies that farmers detested. Rural-urban migration was facilitated by industrialization in the urban areas, inventions in technologies, enhanced transport, communication and the growth of domestic market. People moved from rural areas to urban areas in search of employment opportunities, and seeking better amenities such as health care, education and other services. All this sparked an element of innovation and The increas ed urban concentration and the population density had significant effects in the urban areas. Due to the sudden rise in population and lack of proper planning, various social, political and economic problems arose. There was overcrowding, poor housing, poor sanitation and sewerage treatments, inadequate health facilities, pollution, increased crime rates, unemployment, poverty and illiteracy (Levy, 2013). There were new demands were put in place by the city government in order to improve the living standards. The local government had to improve the housing, proper sanitation, more health facilities, reduce the crime rate by deploying more guards and improve education access (Levy, 2013). Construction of more affordable houses, provision of clean water, more hospitals with affordable services garbage collection served the people better. Construction of more roads did make town accessible easier, hence saving more time.ReferencesLevy, J. M. (2013). Contemporary urban planning. Upper S addle River, N.J: Pearson Education.

Consumer Making Decision & Behavior Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Consumer Making Decision & Behavior - Term Paper Example When two friends were passing by and saw the stage and the burnt up wall, one of the passersby turned to her friend, asking her if she could see that the Maxima was so hot that it had burned through the wall. Responding to this comment, the prop master, Daryll Merchant, said that that was the whole concept of the advertisement. According to the executive creative director of True, Christopher Davis, people nowadays don’t say ‘cool’ anymore as it is almost uncool to say it, whereas ‘Hot’ is the new vernacular. The Maxima campaign was aimed at selling the idea of hotness. The pieces of the ‘Hot’ campaign were striking. At each site, the fences of parking lots were temporarily removed to make way for the car-ravaged wall that had a built-in steam engine. The wall was watched by two security guards. The advertisement was deconstructed every four days at 5:30 am and was put in its new location. The holes that were left from bolting the props d own were filled with concrete (Yuan 2005). The response from the street campaign was strong. An example of this strong response was when one bus driver pulled over the bus with people in it and took a picture of the ‘Hot’ Maxima, while someone else called 911. The best compliment that the Maxima street campaign got was that from a passerby who without any prompting, remarked saying ‘Wow, that is hot!’The director of Nissan Marketing, Fred Suckow, was hoping that their unique integrated campaign would reach beyond traditional marketing. The intention of the Maxima street scenes was to engage all the senses of the consumers. The street scenes were intended to grab the attention of the onlookers in the busy metro areas as well as bring to life the ‘Hotness’ campaign and the essence of the Maxima. The customers who had a Maxima would be perceived as ‘hot’ and a little different from everybody else. Nissan targeted people who had a desi re to fit in.  Ã‚  

Grahams definition and discuss in the context of my Experience as a Essay

Grahams definition and discuss in the context of my Experience as a Radiologic Technologist in Grenada General Hospital - Essay Example 566). In parallel, Graham (2006) illustrated the concept of clinical effectiveness--in the presence of â€Å"the right persons, doing the right thing, the right way in the right place, at the right time with the right result.† In view, the paper examines this definition in the context of clinical practice by radiological technologists--with implications and potential innovations in integrated radiologic science. Occupational Description Prior to identifying the right personnel in radiologic technology, reviews on general description and evolution must first be clarified. Radiologic technology is a branch in allied health, where its application in clinical setting primarily involves diagnostic activities for pathological conditions. As technological advances update the categories of diagnostic equipments, it also expanded to include more autonomous responsibilities. The coverage, thereby, extends from mere imaging examination in X-rays to more sophisticated forms, such as utili zation of ionizing radiation for treatment purposes (Allied health services, 1989). As scope of functions widen, tasks involved also lengthened. Basically, radiologic technologists are in-charge in facilitating the performance of radiologic examinations. As allied professionals, they require strict conformation of physician’s written order, while under the supervision of â€Å"licensed independent practitioner(s)† (Campeau & Fleitz, 2009). Additionally, the types of radiologic test to be utilized are also indicated--exhibiting the collaborative association of functions between allied and medical professionals in clinical settings (Bureau of Labor and Statistics, 2010). Imperatively, radiologic technologists assume professional persona, as they follow regulatory protocols indicated before and during radiologic examinations. In preparatory stage, technicians ensure that incriminating objects or articles worn by clients are judiciously removed--to avoid chemical disruptio ns and undue physical damage to clients. Moreover, they attend in completely explaining the procedure to be undertaken, allying possibilities of fear and avoiding emotional interference during actual procedure (Stanfield & Hui, 2002). Subsequently, as protective gears are in place and equipments are positioned, the diagnostics may proceed as planned. With this accomplished, the duties of radiologic technologists do not end there, for they have to properly document the whole activity, and ensure client status for untoward reactions. Judiciously, patient safety is also guaranteed through constant inspection of diagnostic equipments, as well as replacement of defective ones (Bureau of Labor and Statistics, 2010). Radiologic technologists, in accurate manner, are accounted in following the dictates of their delegated functions--as indicated in doing the right thing with clinical effectiveness. Qualification Revisited Educationally distinct from radiologists, radiologic technologists wor k side-by-side with other clinical professionals in rendering a variety of health services to clients. Campeau and Fleitz (2009, p. 7) clarified the qualifications of radiologic technologists, indicating that they belong to the group who â€Å"graduated from a nationally accredited education program in the radiologic sciences and...hold a full

Global HRM Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Global HRM - Assignment Example Hofstedes, Trompenaars, and the globe models cross-cultural dimensions had an impact on human resource management. The primary focus of these three dimensions was on human thinking, behavior of organizations in predictable situations, and feeling and acting. Although each dimension had something particular to point out, it affected HRM. One of the implications was that HRM should not consider people as groups but as individuals because in as many as people are in a group they are different. Another implication was that the predictable way might not turn out as expected. It is usually advisable to have a backup plan in case the first idea does not go through. The HRM should also have a clearly defined time frame. It can either be on short term or long term or inner versus outer time. It makes managing duty simpler because they are well classified. The other issue was to define societies in relation to their gender and uncertainties. It is also advisable for HRM to understand that ther e could be different many uncertainties, and that things do not always go through as planned (Cullen& Parboteeah,

Reflection Paper on The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down Essay

Reflection Paper on The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down - Essay Example In this portion of writing, the issues regarding healthcare and religious belief, practices and their challenges to healthcare professionals in The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down by Friedman are critically explained. Anne Fediman evidently conveys the two cultural differences between the Hmong customs and the contemporary society in America that includes the professional doctors. The Hmong’s beliefs were merely objectionable especially when it comes to healthcare matters. For instance, during birth, a pregnant woman would be expected to squat on the ground regardless of the untidiness of the floor then pull the child out of her womb. The mother was to ensure that the baby does not touch the dust and that the umbilical cord was to be cut by the father. In case of any problem during childbirth, Lia’s mother, Foua Yang could resort to numerous remedies regularly used by the Hmong such as shaman who was believed to have natural powers to negotiate for his patient†™s health with the spirits that lived in the dominion that was invisible (Fediman 1997). In addition, a woman would take a number of precautions to avoid childbirth predicaments such as a woman could ensure her child’s health by concentrating on her food cravings. The child’s placenta would be buried in different places of the house depending on the child’s sex. However, currently childbirth is treated with lots of precautions with the use of modern techniques as seen in the Foua’s case while giving birth to Lia in Merced Community Medical Centre where the writer describes her birth as like any American woman. She greatly doubted the American medicine in general and how they handled the childbirth differently from what she expected such as offering ice water to stop blood from flowing freely instead of warm water to facilitate blood flow from the womb and the nature of food she was given which she refused to eat. Furthermore, the Hmong believed that los s soul was one major cause of sickness and diseases to the child hence the community was to carry out several rituals to please the soul providers (Fediman 1997). Despite Lia’s cautious fixing of her soul, she was attacked by epilepsy when she was about three months old. There was a mixture of reactions due to the epilepsy since some people considered it as a great deal of social status in their community since a healing spirit would not choose somebody of no account. Nevertheless, the doctors regarded this belief as vague. The diagnosis for the epilepsy failed as Foua and Kao were strongly convinced that the issue was not an illness but an issue of spirit catches you and you fall down as they described it. Moreover, both parents and Dr Murphy believed that constant seizures increased the dangers of the epilepsy. Interestingly, the doctor after several tests could find the cause of the disease after admitting Lia in ward for some time thus recommending her discharge after pre scribing Ampicilin for pneumonia and Dilantin for the seizures (Fediman 1997). Additionally, the Hmong’s had dreadfully horrific beliefs in American doctors and their confidence towards them was low. They were convinced that the

How E Commerce Is Changing Consumer Buying Behaviour Marketing Essay

How E Commerce Is Changing Consumer Buying Behaviour Marketing Essay In Electronic Commerce, online purchasing is the process consumers go through when they decide to shop on the internet. Therefore, the internet has developed to a highly competitive market, where the competition over the consumer is fierce. In order to have an impact on and retain consumers, in a competitive market, Constantinides (2004) stated that the first step is to identify certain influencing aspects when purchasing online, these can be regarded as factors. The purpose of the research is primarily to identify and get insight into what main factors the online consumer takes into consideration when purchasing books online, as books are the most commonly bought product on the internet (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Online-Forschung e.V. [AGOF e.V.], 2007). Concise Review of the Related Literature This research suggests that consumers attitude toward Internet shopping first depends on the direct effects of relevant online shopping features (Davis, 1993). The core constructs of our framework are adapted from the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) by Davis (1989), an influential research model in the information systems field. Although this model is specifically tailored to understand the adoption of computer-based technologies on the job or in the workplace, it has proven to be suitable as a theoretical foundation for the adoption of e-commerce as well (Chen et al., 2002). Therefore, the TAM structures are employed as a foundation for our research framework. Online shopping features can be either consumers perceptions of functional and utilitarian dimensions, like ease of use and usefulness, or their perceptions of emotional and hedonic dimensions like enjoyment (Menon and Kahn, 2002). The internet has developed into a new distribution channel (Hollensen, 2004) and the evolution of this channel, e-commerce, has been identified by Smith and Rupp (2003) to be the most significant contribution of the information revolution. The number of internet users is constantly increasing which also signifies that online purchasing is increasing (Joines, et al., 2003). The rapid increase is explained by the growth in the use of broadband technology combined with a change in consumer behaviour (Oppenheim Ward, 2006). Using the internet to shop online has become one of the primary reasons to use the internet, combined with searching for products and finding information about them (Joines et al., 2003). Smith and Rupp (2003) also state that the consumers have never had access to so many suppliers and product/service opinions. By integrating Fishbeins attitudinal theoretical model (Fishbein 1967) and the expectation-confirmation model (Oliver 1980), we attempt to associate the three elements together and form a base model Model of Intention, Adoption, and Continuance (MIAC) (as depicted in Figure 2) for the development of an online consumer behaviour framework. (Purpose) (Implementation) (Persistence) Consumer Online Purchase Consumer Online Repurchase Consumer Online Purchase Intention Figure 2: Model of Purpose, Implementation, and Persistence Fishbeins attitudinal model has been widely used in the marketing context (Lilien et al 1992) and this paradigm provides researchers with a useful lens for examining the factors explaining consumer purchasing intention and adoption. According to this model, behaviour is predominantly determined by intention. Other factors like attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control are also shown to be related to an appropriate set of salient behavioural, normative, and control beliefs about the behaviour. However, Fishbeins model stops at the adoption level and does not capture other important factors that explain and predict consumer continuance behaviour (repurchase). The expectation-confirmation model (Oliver 1980), on the other hand, focuses on the post-purchase behaviour. It is a widely used model in the consumer behaviour literature, particularly in explaining consumer satisfaction and repeat purchase. Satisfaction is the central notion of this model and it is formed by the gap between expectation and perceived performance (Oliver 1980). The expectation-confirmation theory suggests that if the perceived performance meets ones expectation, confirmation is formed and consumers are satisfied. Bhattacherjee (2001) stated that satisfied users are more likely to continue the IS use. Thus, we point that adoption and continuance are connected to each other through several mediating and moderating factors such as trust and satisfaction. The research articles appear in a variety of journals and conference proceedings in the fields of information systems, marketing, management, and psychology. A review of these articles indicates that researchers mostly draw theories from classical consumer behaviour research, such as behavioural learning (Skinner, 1938), personality research (Folkes 1988), information processing (Bettman 1979), and attitude models (Fishbein 1967). There are still significant differences between offline and online consumer behaviour that warrant a distinguishing conceptualization. For example, Vijayasarathy (2001) integrated the web specific factors (online shopping aid) into the theory of reasoned action (TRA) to better explain consumer online shopping behaviour. Song and Zahedi (2001) built on the model of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and examined the effects of website design on the adoption of Internet shopping. Donal Rogan (2007) explains the relationship between consumer behaviour and marketing strategy and states that strategy is about increasing the probability and frequency of buyer behaviour. Requirements for succeeding in doing this are to know the consumer and understand the consumers needs and wants. Chisnall (1995) points out that human needs and motives are inextricably linked and that the relationship between them is so very close that it becomes difficult to identify the precise difference which may characterize them. Buyers characteristics are important theories from Kotler and Armstrong (2007) and it explains the way that the consumer interprets and receives stimuli from advertisements. The decisions of consumers are influenced by a number of individual characteristics that are linked to the consumers specific needs. (Kotler Armstrong, 2007) A review of online consumer research reveals that the scope of published studies is rather broad, the studies appear relatively fragmented with contradictory results, and only very few prior studies (e.g., Jarvenpaa and Todd 1996, Koufaris et al 2001) have attempted to systematically review and develop a framework for the research of this important research area. Aims and Objectives of Study To develop a valid and reliable measure of motivations and costs associated with online information search and purchase behaviour; To provide a systematic and exhaustive review of online consumer behaviour research; To test the ability of the measure to identify the impact that specific motivations and costs have on apparel search and purchase decisions among Internet shoppers worldwide; To identify important constructs that are specific to the context of online purchasing; to propose an integrated framework that enhances our understanding of the underlying driving factors of online consumer behaviour; To evaluate the potential of the Internet as an efficient and effective medium to disseminate information to enhance brand/product awareness, evaluations, and purchase intentions in the global marketplace; To provide directions for future research in this area. Research Questions How does the level of computer and Internet experience of the target group relate to the level of Internet purchases? What main factors affect the online consumer when considering and making a purchase over the internet? How do these factors influence the consumer when purchasing books online? What kind of segments can be found within the identified consumers when purchasing books online? What is the connection with the identified factors and consumer segment groups? A Structured Research Approach Prior literature provides us with a rich foundation on which to build a research framework for the study of online consumer behaviour. As suggested by Douglas et al. (1994), strong theoretical and conceptual frameworks can be developed through an integration of constructs from different research traditions and disciplines. In the current study, we review the prior literature of online consumer behaviour and analyze the theories and the underpinning factors. A systematic and structured approach in search and review is strongly recommended in writing sound IS literature reviews (Webster and Watson 2002). In this study, we conducted an exhaustive and systematic electronic search using ProQuest, Social Science Citation Index, IEEE Xplore, and other bibliographic sources with keywords such as online shopping, Internet shopping and online consumer purchasing behaviour. In addition to the search for referred journal articles, we included three IS-related conference proceedings (AMCIS, HICSS, ICIS) in our literature search and analysis. Research Methodology To answer the purpose of the thesis, both primary and secondary data had to be collected. Primary data is data collected especially to answer the purpose and research questions of the current research. This data must be gathered by the researcher of the research at hand and can be done by observation, interviews or questionnaires. Secondary data is data that has been collected earlier, to fulfil the purpose of some other research. This data can be gathered from books, articles, reports and many others sources. (Saunders et al., 2007) Direct Observation Observation is a research technique that is often implicit in the data-gathering approach and observation is something we cannot fail to do as people, we are all expert observers (Hackley, 2003). Furthermore, participant observation will be chosen as it puts the researcher where the action is enabling them to experience the lives of informants, one option is to observe consumers behaviour and their purchase decision in online store (Meiselman et al., 2000). An observational approach provides a clearer representation of the decision process that consumers proceed through rather than the consumers perceptions of that process (Douglas and Wind, 1978), thus providing the researcher with the ability to uncover unconscious consumer actions. Survey The greatest use of questionnaire is made by survey as strategy. However, both experiment and case studies research strategies can make use of these techniques (Oppenheim, 1992). Some authors reserve it exclusively for surveys where the person answering the question actually records their own answers and other authors use it as a more general term to inclusively for survey interview hat administered either face to face or by telephone. (Kervin 1999) In addition, questionnaire can be used as a general term to include all techniques of data collection in which each person is asked to respond to the same set of questions in a predetermined order. (DeVaus, 1996) Interview An interview is a purposeful discussion between two or more people (Kahn and Cannel 1957). The use of interviews can help to gather valid and reliable data that relevant to the research questions and objectives. Sampling Sampling techniques provides arrange of methods that enable to reduce the amount of data need to collect by considering only data from a sub groups rather than all possible cases or elements. Sampling also save times and give over view of population. Researcher Kervin (1999) argues that using sampling enables a higher overall accuracy than a census. Methods of Data Analysis During the dissertation both the quantitative and qualitative data will require analysis. In order to analyze the data collected through the survey and the focus group, several strategies were used. The aim was to give a descriptive analysis of the consumer behaviour in online shopping. The tables, charts and pie charts were interpreted as made up the foundation for the focus group discussion. The method of analysis to be followed is that proposed by Dey, Miles and Huberman: Comprehend and manage it. Merge related data drawn from different transcript and notes. Identify key themes or pattern from it for further exploration. Develop and / or test hypotheses based on these apparent patterns or relationships. Draw and verify conclusions. (Dey, 1993; Miles and Huberman, 1994) Moral Issue of Research Consumers were firstly observed without interruption, allowing their natural behaviour will be recorded. Only once they complete their actual purchase decision, the researcher will approach them. Those shoppers who will picked up a product to purchase were intercepted as they walk away from the cabinet and will be asked to answer a few short questions regarding their purchase choice. Research Timetable Weeks 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Internet Research Literature Review Research Design Methodology Data Sources Data Collection Data Analysis Writing up Draft Editing Final Document Binding Document References Arbeitsgemeinschaft Online-Forschung e.V. [AGOF e.V.], 2007. Bettman, J. R. (1979) An information Processing Theory of Consumer Choice, Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley. Bhattacherjee, A. (2001) Understanding Information Systems Continuance: An Expectation Confirmation Model, MIS Quarterly, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 351-370. Chen, L., Gillenson, M.L. and Sherrell, D.L. (2002), Enticing online consumers: an extended technology acceptance perspective, Information Management, Vol. 39 No. 8, pp. 705-19. Chisnall, M. P. (1995) Consumer Behaviour, 3rd Edition, Maidenhead, McGraw Hill Companies. Constantinides, E. (2004) Influencing the online consumers behaviour: the Web experience, Internet Research 14: 2, 111-126. Davis, F.D. (1989), Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology, MIS Quarterly, Vol. 13 No. 3, pp. 319-40. Davis, F.D. (1993), User acceptance of information technology: system characteristics, user perceptions and behavioural impacts, International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, Vol. 38 No. 3, pp. 475-87. Devaus, D. A. (1996) Surveys in Social Research, 4th edition, London, UCL Press. Dey, I. (1993) Qualitative Data Analysis, London, Routledge. Donal Rogan, FH Joanneum Graz, 28 May 1 June 2007, International Consumer Behaviour. Douglas, S. P., Wind, Y. (1978) Examining family role and authority patterns: two methodological issues, Journal of Marriage and the Family, Vol. 3 pp.35-47. Fishbein, M. (1967) Attitude and Prediction of Behaviour, in M. Fishbein, ed., Readings in Attitude Theory and Measurement, New York: John Wiley, pp. 477-492. Fishbein, M. (1967) Attitude and Prediction of Behaviour, in M. Fishbein, ed., Readings in Attitude Theory and Measurement, New York: John Wiley, pp. 477-492. Folkes, V. S. (1988) Recent Attribution Research in Consumer Behaviour: A Review and New Directions, Journal of Consumer Research, vol. 14, pp. 548-565. Hackley, C. E. (2003) Doing Research Projects in Marketing, Management and Consumer Research, Routledge, London. Hollensen S. (2004) Global marketing A Decision Iriented Approach, 3rd Edition, Edinburgh Gate, Pearson Higher Education. Jarvenpaa, S. L., and Todd, P. A. (1996) Consumer reactions to electronic shopping on the World Wide Web, International Journal of Electronic Commerce, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 59-88. Joines, L. J., Scherer, W. C., and Scheufele A. D. (2003) Exploring motivations for consumer Web use and their implications for e-commerce, Journal of Consumer Marketing, 20: 2, 90 108. Kervin, J. B. (1999) Methods for Business research, 2nd edition, Reading, Addison Wiley. Khan, R. and Cannell, C. (1957) The Dynamics of interviewing, New York, Wiley. Kotler, P. Armstrong, G. (2007) Principles of Marketing, 12th Edition, Upper Saddle River, Prentice Hall. Koufaris, M., Kambil, A., and Labarbera P. A. (2001) Consumer Behaviour in Web-Based Commerce: An Empirical Research, International Journal of Electronic Commerce, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 115-138. Lilien, G. L., Philip K., and Sridhar M. K. (1992) Marketing Models, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Meiselman, H. J., Johnson, J. L., Reeve, W., Crouch, J. E. (2000) Demonstration of the influence of the eating environment on food acceptance, Appetite, Vol. 35 pp .231-7. Menon, S. and Kahn, B. (2002), Cross-category effects of induced arousal and pleasure on the Internet shopping experience, Journal of Retailing, Vol. 78 No. 1, pp. 31-40. Miles, M.B. and Huberman, A. M. (1994) Qualitative Data Analysis (2nd edition), Thousand Oaks, California, Sage. Oliver, R. L. (1980) A Cognitive Model for the Antecedents and Consequences of Satisfaction, Journal of Marketing Research, no. 17, pp. 460-469. Oppenheim, A. N. ( 1992) Questionnaire Design, New edition , London , Printer. Oppenheim, C. and Ward, L. (2006) Evaluation of web sites for B2C e-commerce, Aslib Proceedings: New Information Perspectives 58: 3, 237-260. Saunders, M. N. K., Thornhill, A., Lewis, P. (2007) Research Methods for Business Students. London: Pearson Higher Education. Skinner, B. F. (1938) The Behaviour of Organisms: An Experimental Analysis, New York: Appleton Century Crofts. Smith, D. A., and Rupp, T. W. (2003) Strategic online customer decision making: leveraging the transformational power of the Internet, Online Information Review 27: 6, 418 432. Song J., and Zahedi, F. M. (2001) Web Design In E-Commerce: A Theory And Empirical Analysis, Proceedings of the International Conference of Information Systems 2001, pp. 205-220. Vijayasarathy, L. R. (2001) The Impact of Shopping Orientations, Product Types, and Shopping Aids on Attitude and Intention to Use Online Shopping, Quarterly Journal of Electronic Commerce, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 99-113. Webster J., and Watson R. T. (2002) Analyzing the Past to Prepare for the Future: Writing a Literature Review (pp. xiii-xxiii), MIS Quarterly, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. xiii-xxiii (13-23).

Legalization of Marijuana :: Argumentative, Marijuana Legalization

The legalization of marijuana has been questionable for many many years now, but the government just seems to always decline. I feel that marijuana should be legalized. There are many reasons for and against legalization, but the arguments for it outweigh the arguments against it. I believe marijuana should be legalized for three main reasons. Legalization will bring in much needed tax dollars, it will free up prisons and their resources, and it will save the U.S tons of money. If marijuana is legalized, it can be taxed by the federal government, like alcohol and cigarettes are now. If this is done, not only will the government save millions of dollars on searching for marijuana, the government will make billions of dollars off the sale of marijuana which can be used for drug education programs to help educate the youth of America. In the United States, all levels of government (federal, state, and local authorities) participate in the "War on Drugs." We currently spend billions of dollars every year to chase peaceful people who happen to like to get high. These people get locked up in prison and the taxpayers have to foot the bill. We have to pay for food, housing, health care, attorney fees, court costs, and other expenses to lock these people up. This is extremely expensive! If you must know, it costs taxpayers like you and me $42,000 a year to keep just one criminal in jail. That's more than twice the amount citizens spend on sending their children to school. Taxpayers only spend a dissapointing $13,000 a year for public schooling. We could save billions of dollars every year as a nation if we stop wasting money locking people up for having marijuana. In addition, if marijuana were legal, the government would be able to collect taxes on it, and would have a lot more money to pay for effective drug education programs and other important causes. According to The Report of the Task Force on Cannabis Regulation to the Center for the Study of Drug Policy, "marijuana is one of the largest tax-exempt industries in the country today." 10-15 billion dollars a year could be made simply by legalizing cannabis. Hemp, the nonpsychoactive version of the plant, has many, many uses but is outlawed by the U.S. government. Hemp is an incredibly strong fiber that can be used for ropes, clothes and

What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Selling Cosmetic Products Through Door-to-Door Selling, Specialty Stores, Department Store Counters, and Supermarkets and Hypermarkets?

What are the advantages and disadvantages of selling cosmetic products through door-to-door selling, specialty stores, department store counters, and supermarkets and hypermarkets? ?Door-to door selling The advantage of using door-to door selling is the salesperson can make initiative to go around door-to door to persuade customers to buy the cosmetic products instead of waiting the customers to visit your shop. The company is able to save money for setting up a visible shop which usually costs a lot. Besides, there is no need to take attention on the design and decoration of the shop and display of goods.Sometimes, the customers really have no intention to buy the products, but due to continuous persuasion of the salesperson, they buy it in the end. Using door-to door selling method has a great potential to earn unlimited revenues. It is also considered convenient to customer as products are delivered directly to them. Salesperson can explain the functions of the cosmetic products a nd recommend what is suitable for the customer face-to face and one-by one. This is typically vital in sales of cosmetic products as each person suits different kind of cosmetic products and customers will have lots of question to ask the salesperson.It is important to provide good services to customers in door-to door selling. On the other hand, there are also disadvantages of using door-to door method to sell cosmetic products. As mentioned in the previous paragraph, customers might have lots of questions about the cosmetic products and cause time consuming. Especially for cosmetic products, for those who have been using, they will be loyalty to particular brand and will not change dramatically which appears to be risky as they do not know whether the new brand suits them even you kept on persuading them.It is difficult to provide consistent good quality of services. Besides, it is also difficult to employ and retain salesperson due to the unattractive working conditions. Most of the people will reject to attend to the salesperson. As a result, the salesperson may even not have a chance to promote the products. ?Specialty stores Firstly, specialty store for cosmetics provide professional services by trained salesperson and beauty consultants. This can attract many consumers as they can save money to consult a professional consultant and yet can get recommendation, free analyze of their skins, newest information and trends.Specialty stores also provide full range of merchandises of specific cosmetic brand. This provides convenience to customers. Specialty stores can also be renovated and designed based on the theme or concept of the brand. This is helpful to build the identity of the brand in order to attract more customers. However, to train the salesperson and beauty consultants, the store has to spend a lot of money and time. And also, it is very costly to renovate the specialty stores. Without sufficient and a big amount of fund, it is totally impossible to operate a specialty store.Specialty stores might not be able to attract customers who initially do not have interest in this brand to step in. In addition, specialty stores have to put in effort to draw traffics on their own, unlike selling products in department stores and supermarkets. ?Department store counters Setting counters in department store is the most popular channel in cosmetic products. Department store attracts all groups of customers and offers a wide variety of brands of cosmetic products to customers.The cost of setting up counters in department store is much less compared to setting up a specialty store. However, setting counter in the cosmetic products department is very competitive as all different brands of cosmetic products are put together in a particular area. Especially for cosmetic products, customers can go to every counter and try each product. Customers can just walk around and compare among the brands. Besides, the space is rather small and has to pu t in great effort in the location of displaying the products to attract customers. ?Supermarkets and hypermarketsSelling cosmetic products in supermarkets and hypermarkets cost cheaper. Usually there is no salesperson promoting the products, thus can save money on recruitment. Basically, most cosmetic products sold in the supermarkets and hypermarkets are basic, lower-priced mass products. Without salesperson, the cosmetic products appear to be less attractive. Furthermore, similar to setting counters in department stores, supermarkets will diversify their products into different departments. Thus, all cosmetic products will be placed together which is highly competitive.

APush History Term Paper Essay

Robert La Follette, the son of a small farmer, was born in Dane County, Wisconsin, on 14th June, 1855. He worked as a farm labourer before entering the University of Wisconsin in 1875. In 1876 La Follette met Robert G. Ingersoll. He later recalled: â€Å"Ingersoll had a tremendous influence upon me, as indeed he had upon many young men at the time. It was not that he changed my beliefs, but he liberated my mind. Freedom was what preached: he wanted the shackles off everywhere. He wanted men to think boldly about all things: he demanded intellectual and moral courage.† After graduating in 1879 he set up as a lawyer and the following year became District Attorney of Dane County. Elected to Congress as a Republican, La Follette was extremely critical of the behaviour of some of the party bosses. In 1891, La Follette announced that the state Republican boss, Senator Philetus Sawyer, had offered him a bribe to fix a court case. Over the next six years La Follette built up a loyal following within the Republican Party in opposition to the power of the official leadership. Proposing a programme of tax reform, corporation regulation and an extension of political democracy, La Follette was elected governor of Wisconsin in 1900. Once in power La Follette employed the academic staff of the University of Wisconsin to draft bills and administer the laws that he introduced. He later recalled: â€Å"I made it a policy, in order to bring all the reserves of knowledge and inspiration of the university more to the service of the people, to appoint experts from the university wherever possible upon the important boards of the state – the civil service commission, the railroad commission and so on – a relationship which the university has always encouraged and by which the state has greatly profited.† La Follette was also successful in persuading the federal government to introduce much needed reforms . This included the regulation of the railway industry and equalized tax assessment. In 1906 La Follette was elected to the Senate and over the next few years argued that his main role was to â€Å"protect the people† from the â€Å"selfish interests†. He claimed that the nation’s economy was dominated by fewer than 100 industrialists. He went on to argue that these men then used this power to control the political process. La Follette supported the growth of trade unions as he saw them as a check on the power of large corporations. In 1909 La Follette and his wife, the feminist, Belle La Follette founded the La Follette’s Weekly Magazine. The journal campaigned for women’s suffrage, racial equality and other progressive causes. Lincoln Steffens argued: â€Å"La Follette is the opposite of a demagogue. Capable of fierce invective, his oratory is impersonal; passionate and emotional himself, his speeches are temperate. Some of them are so loaded with facts and such closely knit arguments that they demand careful reading, and their effect is traced to his delivery, which is forceful, emphatic, and fascinating.† Art Young, The Masses (1917) La Follette supported Woodrow Wilson in the 1912 presidential election and approved his social justice legislation. However, he complained that he was under the control of big business and was totally opposed to Wilson’s decision to enter the First World War. Once war was declared La Follette opposed conscription and the passing of the Espionage Act. La Follette was accused of treason but was a popular hero with the anti-war movement. Lincoln Steffens was a great supporter of La Follette: â€Å"Governor La Follette was a powerful man, who, short but solid, swift and willful in motion, in speech, in decision, gave the impression of a tall, a big man†¦ what I saw at my first sight of him was a sincere, ardent man who, whether standing, sitting, or in motion, but the grace of trained strength, both physical and mental†¦ Rather short in stature, but broad and strong, he had the gift of muscled, nervous power, he kept himself in training all his life. His sincerity, his integrity, his complete devotion to his ideal, were indubitable; no one who heard could suspect his singleness of purpose or his courage.† La Follette became the candidate of the Progressive Party in the 1924 presidential election. Although he gained support from trade unions, individuals like Fiorello La Guardia and Vito Marcantonio, the Socialist Party and the Scripps-Howard newspaper chain, La Follette and his running partner, Burton K. Wheeler, only won one-sixth of the votes. Robert La Follette died on 18th June, 1925.

Fun French Number Practice for the Classroom

Fun French Number Practice for the Classroom Do you find teaching numbers boring, figuring that once youve taught your students to count in French, theres not much else you can do? If so, I have good news for you (and your students). Here are some great ideas for practicing numbers, including several games. Simple French Number Practice Ideas Use flash cards with the digit written on one side and the French spelling of the number on the other. Ask students to count by twos, fives, tens, etc.Count different objects in the classroom: number of desks, chairs, windows, doors, students, etc.Practice numbers with math operations: adding, subtracting, etc.Print out some paper money or use pennies and practice numbers by counting money.Talk about the time and date.Depending on the age of your students and your concerns about privacy, you could ask students about various personal details in French: birthdayagenumber and ages of brothers, sisters, cousin(e)sphone numberaddress You or your students can bring in pictures of food, clothing, dishes, office supplies, etc. and then discuss how much each item might cost - Ça coà »te 152,25 euros, for example. Good for combining number practice with other vocabulary words.One teacher found that students forgot to use the word ans when describing someones age, so now at the beginning of class, she writes the names of one or two celebrities or notable French people on the chalkboard and students guess his/her age. You can find birthdays in Today in Francophone history. Fun French Numbers Practice, Games and Activities British Bulldog / Dog and Bone A game for outdoors or a gymnasium: Divide the class in half, and have each side stand in a long line facing the other half, with a large gap for running between the two teams. Give each member a number: each team should have the same set of numbers but in a different order so that the students with the same number are not facing each other. An article, such as a scarf, skittle, or baton, is placed in the space between the two teams. Then the teacher calls a number and the student from each team with that number races to retrieve the article. Whoever gets it earns a point for his/her team. Number Toss Have the students stand in a circle and throw a nerf ball to another student (not adjacent). Upon catching the ball the student must say the next number. If s/he doesnt know what number youre on, says the wrong number, or pronounces it incorrectly, s/he is out of the game. Phone Numbers Have students write their actual phone numbers on a small piece of paper with no names. You can play too, by writing a phone number that you know well (such as the schools if you dont want to use your own). Collect the slips of paper and pass them back out randomly, making sure that no one has his/her own number. Everyone stands up. Start the game by reading the number on the paper you have. The person whose number it is sits down and reads the number s/he has, and so on until everyone is seated. Works well for listening, but they have to be able to say the numbers accurately enough for their classmates to understand them. I do this once theyve learned 0 to 9. Le Prix est Juste / The Price Is Right Teacher thinks of a number and gives students a range to guess from. Students respond and if incorrect, the teacher responds with plus or moins. When a student finally guesses the correct answer, s/he can be rewarded with a sticker, piece of candy, or a point for the team. Then the teacher thinks of a new number and gives a range and students begin guessing again. TPR with Numbers Write numbers on large cards, then call out instructions to the students: Mettez trente sur la table, Mettez sept sous la chaise (if they know prepositions and classroom vocabulary for example). You can mix it up with other vocabulary to catch them off guard and keep their attention: Donnez vingt Paul, Mettez la prof sur huit, Tournez vingt, Marchez vite avec onze. Or you can put the cards on the chalk tray and practice with avant, aprà ¨s, and cà ´tà © de: Mettez trente avant seize, Mettez zà ©ro aprà ¨s dix, etc. You might want to start with just five or so numbers at first; when they get good at those, add a couple more and so on. Zut Go around the room and count. Each time there is a 7 - a number with 7 in it (like 17, 27) or a multiple of 7 (14, 21) - the student must say zut instead of the number. They are knocked out of the game if they mispronounce the number, say the wrong number, or say the number when they should say zut. So the game should sound like this: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, zut, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, zut, 15, 16, zut, 18, 19, 20.... You can change the zut number periodically to keep them on their toes.

jimmy jam and lewis the pioneers Essays

jimmy jam and lewis the pioneers Essays jimmy jam and lewis the pioneers Essay jimmy jam and lewis the pioneers Essay jimmy jam and lewis the pioneers BY th80 MORRIS 11 PRODUCER JIMMY JAM TERRY LEWIS Don Morris Studio Recording PRODUCER PAPER 11 MORRIS 12 Jimmy Jam And Terry Lewis: Pioneers of Modern RB If New Jack Swing , Soul, or RB had parents, Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis are shining examples of what make a happy home. For decades the world has been influenced by the creations of these two men. They have not only shaped their artist into stars, they shaped the genre as a whole. James Jimmy Jam Harris and Terry Lewis are both native Minnesotans who met in igh school at a college program at the U of M. Shortly after they formed a band called Flyte Tyme. In the early 80s, the band renamed itself The Time after incorporating Morris Day into the group. The groups early albums shaped what we know as RB and created the new Jack swing style of music. The band was created due to a cause in Princes contract with Warner Brothers. The clause allow Prince to recruit and produce acts for the label. In interviews with the duo, they stated that the creation of The Time is when everything started. During this early time with The Time is when they learned to esh their two worlds of productions and musical styles into what it is today. They both had been very musical growing up so this is also when they honed a lot of their production techniques. A hot producer of the early 80s was a man by the name of Leon Sylvers, the duo states they received skills and got their production chops by watching him produce tracks. Jimmy Jam said, Between Leon and Prince-we got great 12 MORRIS B After working with The Time, the duo went on to produce songs for the SOS Band and Alexander ONeal. In 1986 Jam and Lewis started producing, the actress, Janet Jacksons first album and won them their first Grammy award. They also had great success on Janets second album Rhythm Nation 1814. Jam and Lewis have accumulated 16 No. 1 pop hits and 25 No. l R hits in their career. They have won 4 Grammies and have had 8 nominations over the past 3 decades. The duo was inducted into the SoulMusic Hall of Fame in 2012 and has 3 consecutive decades of number 1 records produced and hundreds of platinum albums under their belt. Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis are pioneers of a genre, creators of the Minnesota Sound, and amazing producers. Without their musical influence I believe not only R wouldnt be the same, but hip hop, pop, funk wouldnt have the same flair. Flyte Tyme. Flyte Tyme. N. p. , n. d. Web. 08 Oct. 2013. Jimmy Jam Terry Lewis Production Discography. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 09 Dec. 2013. web. 15 oct. 2013. Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis Interview. Interview. YouTube. YouTube, 25 Apr. 2013. web. 15 oct. 2013.. Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 11 Mar. 2013. Web. 23 oct. 2013. Philbrook, Erik. Powerhouse: Jimmy Jam Terry Lewis Celebrate 30 Years as ASCAP Members. Www. ascap. com. N. p. , 19 Sept. 2013. Web. 08 Nov. 2013. 14

Business analysis of General Electric

Business analysis of General Electric In the history of technology in the united scales, the history of General Electric company constitutes a significant part. The growth of General Electronics (GE) from a mere home laboratory of Thomas Edison to one of the largest companies from simple early applications to complex 21st century high tech wizardry, has been quite outstanding. the company has also merged with other companies, broading its scope , moving from technology to services, consisting of total 11 main operating gates : GE Advanced with high-performance, fused quartz and ceramics which are used by a good number of industries, silicon-based products. One of world’s leading appliance manufacturers, GE Consumer and Industrial is a preeminent global maker of lighting products for consumer, commercial, and industrial customers. Besides, these functions, GE Commercial and Industrial also supplies systems, services and integrated industrial equipment. The energy industry is served by GE Energy, a prominent suppli er among its field. P1. Background to Change Major changes in General Electric: The economic problems of GE can be deciphered through its managerial reshuffling. General Electronic experienced a far reaching change when John F. (Jacx) Welch Jr. became the chairman and CEO in 1981. Welch intended to give power to the subordinates i.e. the periphery of the company by invalidating the hierarchy of the management, assigning divisions according to the per formative skills, which he followed from predecessor Reginald Jone’s time. GE bought 338 business and product lines for $11.1 billion and sold 252 for $5.9 billion over the next few years. Jones wanted GE to be top ranked in all the fields of operation. During this period, in 1943, General Electric Credit Corporation, another of GE’s operations was formed. And as it expanded into other markets like real estate, leasing and selling of heavy industrial goods, insurance and inventories its assets doubled to $16 billion betwee n 1979 and 1984. Also, the leasing operations protected the parent company from heavy taxes. It was done by leasing of the credit corporation on the equipments developed by GE which suffered accelerated depreciation. Forces for change: Controlling bureaucracy: Welch’s signature concept was to spark productivity and save the company from eminent threats. Wales took care of both internal and external problems. He sorted out internal problems such as between functions eg-that between sales and manufacturing and external problems like GE and its suppliers and customers. Welch incited any kind of barrier was bad for the company. Information travels easily in an open, boundary less organization. There is a nothing to hinder the continuous flow of decisions, people, ideas etc. the century-old systems of resided hierarchy and bloated bureaucracy in Ge near got rid of because this Boundary less behavior. Welsh spent two decades reforming the bureaucratic procedures of GE, because he t hought anything that hindered the free flow of ideas and learning was destructive. Lack of sharing information: Because there was a communication gap between the lower and top management, the goals were not clear to them. So they needed to change and adapt so that everyone could be aware of the goals and objectives of the company.